Under the Brevity Test, which scenario requires authorization from the publisher?

The scenario that necessitates authorization from the publisher under the Brevity Test is the one that involves copying excerpts that exceed 1000 words. The Brevity Test is a guideline for determining whether a certain amount of copied text can be used without permission, typically in academic or educational contexts.

When the text copied is substantial, particularly when it exceeds 1000 words, it typically falls outside the boundaries of "fair use." Fair use generally allows for small portions of works to be reproduced without permission when used for criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research, but larger excerpts usually require obtaining permission from the publisher to avoid violation of copyright laws. This is to protect the rights of the authors and publishers while balancing access to information for educational purposes.

The other scenarios do not exceed the thresholds typically associated with fair use, thus they may not require authorization.